The premise that fetal undernourishment increases susceptibility later in life to obesity and chronic disease is known as

Binge Eating it Involves compulsive overeating (without purging). Eats in secret, feelings of shame. Health effects are those associated with obesity: high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, risk of heart disease, type-2 diabetes, and gallbladder disease. These also lease to chronic disease. 

The correct answer would be Thrifty Phenotype which is a component of Fetal Origins Hypothesis.

The hypothesis of thrifty phenotype states that decreased fetal growth is associated strongly with various chronic conditions developed later in life.

Metabolic adaptations developed by the fetus in response to the lack of nutrients in developing environment results in this increased susceptibility.

These offspring usually have reduced metabolic rate, small boy size and reduced levels of behavior.

These are more prone to metabolic disorders (such as type II diabetes, obesity) as chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke et cetera.

9.9 years

a = p(1 + rt) . . account balance after time t at rate r starting with principal p

3000 = 2500(1 + 0.0202t) . . filling in the given numbers

1.2 = 1 + 0.0202t . . divide by 2500

0.2 = 0.0202t . . . subtract 1

0.2/0.0202 = t ≈ 9.901

it will take about 9.9 years for the account balance to reach $3000.

the answer to your question is sperm