Instead of using his book to hold down fluttering papers, sam looks for a paperweight. what type of problem-solving obstacle is this? a) confirmation bias b) mental set c) functional fixedness d) incorrect assumption

The best answer would be B.) Mental Set.

Here is the definition: A mental set is a framework for thinking about a problem. It can be shaped by habit or by desire. Mental sets can make it easy to solve a class of problem, but attachment to the wrong mental set can inhibit problem-solving and creativity.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(psychology)

B) Mental Set
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Hope this helps!

A- a reduction in biodiversity

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes and cell membranes