Explain how chemiosmosis functions in the cell. discuss the energy transfers and explain the role of atp in this process.

The energy for ATP synthesis comes from organic molecules (such as carbohydrates), or from sunlight, or from inorganic electron donors. We can classify organisms according to their source of energy and organic carbon:

Metabolic pathways carry out reactions that capture energy from these various sources (organic compounds, sunlight or chemicals) and couple them to synthesis of ATP from ADP.

as in mitosis, dna replication occurs during interphase.   in meiosis, it occurs specifically in s phase of interphase 1.