It has been proposed that mitochondria and chloroplast are modern descendants of early prokaryotic cells that began to reside and gradually evolve in with primitive cells

Monarch butterflies have brightly colored orange wings with black patterns on them, making them easily visible to birds that eat butterflies and moths, yet birds rarely eat the monarchs. likewise, the monarch caterpillars are brightly striped yellow and white and black, and they also are rarely eaten by birds, although some wasps will attack them and feed them to their young. what can be inferred from these observations? monarchs must threaten and attack birds, but not wasps. monarchs have a way of discouraging bird predation that does not involve hiding. monarchs’ wings are so colorful that most birds must find them difficult to eat. monarchs lay more eggs than other less conspicuous butterflies.

The most effective way to provide children with safety messages is to

As a review, define the terms autotroph and heterotroph. keep in mind that plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts and do both cellular respiration and photosynthesis!