Supercoiling is an important property of dna tertiary structure that affects essential processes such as replication and transcription. how do cells maintain dna in a negatively supercoiled state? g

Animal bodies (and even plant bodies for that matter) are complex enough that life couldn't exist without enzymes. enzymes are usually large, complex biological catalysts that are expensive to make. enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being used up during the reaction (they can be reused many times). they are highly specific in the reactions they regulate. knowing what enzymes are and how they function, why does this explain why complex life forms could not exist if there were no enzymes.

Adescription of a type of bio biotechnology (genetic engineering, cloning, or artificial section) one benefit or one risk for the individual (based on whether you are for or against it) one benefit or one risk for society (based on whether you are for or against it) one benefit or one risk for the environment (based on whether you are for or against it)

The direct energy source that drives atp synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is