If energy can't be created according to the first law of thermodynamics, where does it initially come from? plants water the sun

The correct answer would be the sun.

Energy can neither be created not it can be destroyed, however, it can transform from one form to another.

Similarly, solar energy is converted into the chemical energy (food) by the process of photosynthesis.

The autotrophs are then eaten by the herbivores which in turn are eaten by carnivores.

It is why the sun is considered as the ultimate source of the energy in an ecosystem.

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.