Tendencies developed through evolutionary history that predispose members of a species to learn some associations more readily than others are:

Biological constraints

Explanation:

Biological restrictions is a term that refers to situations that promote resistance to evolutionary changes in a population. That is, biological restriction occurs when evolution is possible, but there is a factor that prevents the population from evolving. This factor causes a resistance to evolution, causing the population to remain in the same evolutionary state. In other words, we can say that biological constraints are trends developed throughout evolutionary history that predispose members of a species to learn some associations more readily than others.

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.