2) If the amino acid sequences in homologous proteins of two organisms are similar, what can you conclude about the DNA of the two organisms? You must use the terms
transcription and translation in your completed answer.

If the amino acid sequence of two organisms are similar, then the organisms’ DNA sequences would also be similar. The central dogma of biology states that DNA contains the key for RNA, which then codes for proteins. Transcription and translation are the two phases of protein synthesis. Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). The newly formed mRNA copies of the gene then serve as blueprints for protein synthesis during the process of translation. Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. In the cell cytoplasm, the ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in groups of three bases to assemble the protein.

a. decomposes use carbon from dead organisms as fuel for cellular respiration, returning carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.