What Mendal law states that two hereditary factors separate when gametes are formed

Mendel's law of segregation states that the two hereditary factors separate when gametes are formed. When fertilization occurs, the offspring receive one hereditary factor from each gamete, so the resulting offspring have two factors. The law of segregation predates our understanding or meiosis.

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that the alleles of two or more different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. The allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.

Explanation:

Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes: every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur. The independent assortment of genes can be illustrated by the dihybrid cross: a cross between two true-breeding parents that express different traits for two characteristics.

when it is at an intermediate population density