In meiosis, crossing over occurs, where homologous chromosomes synapse and their chromatids exchange genetic information. During crossing over, the allele for one trait swaps places with the allele for the same trait on the homologous chromosome. At this point, the sister chromatids are no longer identical. When the chromatids split from each other, there are four unique haploid sperm or egg cells.

Sarah is sitting at the top of the slide in the schools playground. which will increase sarah’s kinetic energy a- an additional child is added to the top of the slide. b- sarah is pushed and moves down the slide. c- sarah climbs down the ladder and off the slide. d- the ladder is moved to the other side of the yard.

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. researchers have created a robot that has a very thin leg that is moved by cardiac (heart) cells contracting in unison. the robot, made of a polymer similar to that used in making contact lenses, is bathed in heart cells with supporting cells, which then attach to the robot and provide movement as they contract. all of the cardiac cells working together can cause the robot leg to move in a way that individual cells could not. this is an example of a. emergent properties of cells. b. energy flow through an ecosystem. c. adaptation. d. internal environment regulation.

African penguins, which inhabit the coasts of southern africa, were classified as an endangered species in 2010. two significant threats to their survival are ecosystem damage from oil spills and overfishing by humans. overfishing depletes the food supply of african penguins. the best method to reduce the threat of overfishing would be to . the risk of oil spills could be reduced by increasing the use of , which should oil consumption. if an oil spill does occur, could be used to remove the oil so the ecosystem may more quickly recover.