-. Most of the problems we as humans experience began during what stage of the demographic transition? What caused this?

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.

i think its the first one

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.