Sickle-cell anemia is an inherited disease that affects red blood cells. In people who have this disease, one amino acid is substituted for another amino acid in a blood protein. What causes sickle-cell anemia? 1. mutation

2. replication

3. translation

4. transcription

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the principles and empirical processes of discovery and demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to test the hypothesis, and development of a conclusion that confirms, rejects, or modifies the hypothesis.