21. Determine to the movement of water given the solute concentration of a cell and the surrounding solution in plant and animal cells.
22. Distinguish between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions.
23. Describe the function of the following molecules regarding cell communication: ligand, second messenger IP3,
protein kinase, receptor tyrosine kinases, steroid hormone receptor and G protein linked receptor.
24. Explain how disrupting G protein linked receptor pathways is used to treat many human diseases. Explain how
paracrine signaling works.
25. Define “signal deactivation.”
26. Identify the most likely pathway for movement of an enzyme being secreted by a cell.
27. Describe a signal transduction pathway. Identify its parts.
28. Define “signal amplification” and explain how it is achieved.

Heyhonestly, probably not. humans have always had a tendency to waste things. whether it's food, cosmetic, infrastructure, or our abandoned constructions,the landscape is littered with the refuseof man. archaeology wouldn't be a developed discipline if humans didn't leave things behind. in a way it makes us human

hope it mark me as brainlieast.

Environmental science studies the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, including their effects on all types of organisms. earth science (also known as geoscience), is an inclusive term for all sciences related to earth (geology, meteorology, oceanogr maphy, etc).  although environmental and earth science cover essentially the same material, environmental science places greater emphasis on the biological realm, while earth science places greater emphasis on the physical realm.    environmental and earth science study the interactions of four major systems or “spheres” (figure 8.6).  the  geosphere  consists of the core, mantle and crust of the earth.the  atmosphere  contains all of the earth’s air and is divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere.the  hydrosphere  contains all of the solid, liquid and gaseous water on earth, extending from the depths of the sea to the upper reaches of the troposphere where water is found.  ninety-seven percent of the hydrosphere is found in salty oceans, and the remainder is found as vapor or droplets in the atmosphere and as liquid in ground water, lakes, rivers, glaciers and snowfields.  the  biosphere  is the collection of all earth’s life forms, distributed in major life zones known as biomes:   tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, desert, savannah, tropical rainforest, chaparral, freshwater, and marine.although the four systems have their unique identities, there is substantial interaction between them.  environmental scientists study the effects of events in one sphere on the other spheres. for example, a volcanic eruption in the geosphere may cause profound direct and indirect effects on the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere as follows: example 1 (volcano)    on may 18, 1980, mount saint helens, in the state of washington, erupted.  this event altered the surrounding environment, and provided scientists with an opportunity to study the effects of volcanic eruptions on the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.  such studies are vital because volcanic eruptions will continue to occur, and will have increasing impact on humans as people continue to settle lands closer to dormant volcanoes. the following are but a few of the myriad of interactions resulting from a volcanic 

Dna strands are split apart to allow an opening for replication. the opening has two replication forks so synthesis goes toward them in 5' to 3' direction.