Karyotypes can be used to identify mutations in different forms of cancer, as you have seen in the HeLa and Philadelphia karyotypes. However, they are also useful in detecting other genetic abnormalities, such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21). What would a karyotype of an individual with Down syndrome look like and what information would that provide to a geneticist?

chromosomes carry the genetic information for organisms. also, chromatin is the thread like dna which is located in the nucleus of an organism.

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desert perennials often survive by remaining dormant during dry periods of the year, then springing to life when water becomes available. most annual desert plants germinate only after heavy seasonal rain, then complete their reproductive cycle very quickly.

regents of the university of california v. bakke, 438 u.s. 265 (1978), was a landmark decision by the supreme court of the united states. it upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.