Heating and changing pH levels are two ways to disrupt the shape of a protein. High temperatures or pH levels that vary from the natural environment of the protein will break hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, and hydrophobic interactions. Covalent bonds will usually remain undisturbed. This process of destroying the shape of a protein is called denaturation. Which four levels of protein structure is maintained after denaturing

Photosynthesis uses co2 and cellular respiration produces co2. we call the point when the two processes are in balance--when there is no net production of co2--the compensation point. how might you limit one of the processes in order to achieve a compensation point?

Subduction zones form when an oceanic plate collides with another oceanic plate or continental plate. the continental crust is lighter and less dense than oceanic crust. continental crust's density is approximately 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. oceanic crust is thinner and the average density is about 3.3 cubic centimeters. when the two crustal plates converge the oceanic plate always bends and subducts beneath a continental plate. once the oceanic crust subjects, the rocks are subjected to changes in heat and pressure. because of this, we would expect to find rocks in the area of a subduction. a) clastic b) igneous c) metamorphic d) sedimentary

Lactase is essential for digesting lactose in milk. this enzyme is specific for this sugar. why? molecules and active sites vary in size; only properly sized molecules can fit.there is a precise compatibility between the active site and the lactose molecule.specificity refers to the action of the enzyme, such as hydrolysis, and relatively few molecules can be hydrolyzed.reaction-specific enzymes assume a fit by folding around the most numerous substrate molecules.