Higher concentration of salt. 1. Inhibits nucleic acids secondary structure formation by increasing repulsion of phosphodiester backbones. 2. Will have no effect on nucleic acids secondary structure formation. 3. Promotes nucleic acids secondary structure formation by decreasing repulsion of phosphodiester backbones. 4. Affects nucleic acids secondary structure formation by changing the strength of stacking interactions.

80 pts the type of cloud shown here may produce heavy rainfall. this type of cloud most likely occurs in an area of the sub-saharan that is a) often dry. b) often wet. c) very windy. d) usually cool.

What are two reasons for why a species might disappear from the fossil record?

The blue particles in this image are able to cross the cell membrane through simple diffusion. how will they be transported? outside the cell inside the cell o a. the substances will move directly across the membrane from outside the cell to inside the cell. b. the substances will move through channels in the membrane proteins from outside the cell to inside the cell. o c. the substances will move through channels in the membrane proteins from inside the cell to outside the cell. o d. the substances will move directly across the membrane from inside the cell to outside the cell.