23.After isolating, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Itani can store the isolate Select one:

O a freeze-dried

b. frozen in glycerol solution

O c. on a slant in the refrigerator

O d. in broth at 37C

O e. on a slant in the refrigerator, frozen in glycerol solution, and freeze-dried

24.Which of the following answers below is associated with high ATP production?

Select one:

O a. Fermentation

O b. Glycolysis

O c. Fermentation AND the Entner Duodoroff pathway

O d. The Entner Duodoroff pathway

O e. Aerobic respiration

25.suggested that living cells caused the fermentation of sugar to

Experiments designed by

produce alcohol

Select one:

O a Koch

O b. Pasteur

O c. Eririch

O d. Lister

The need to design effective Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines and to monitor resistance means that it is essential to have efficient methods to determine carriage rates. Two liquid media, consisting of skim milk, glycerol, glucose, and tryptone soya broth (STGG) or skim milk, glycerol, and glucose (SGG) alone, were evaluated for their ability to maintain pneumococcal viability. Optimal recovery of S. pneumoniae was achieved when swabs were transferred to STGG medium prior to plating onto blood agar-gentamicin selective plates (22%) compared to 7% when plated out directly (P < 0.0001 by Fisher's exact test). Both STGG and SGG media are appropriate for the long-term storage of pneumococci and primary swab samples at -70 degrees C, with no decrease in viable count observed following repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Samples could be stored refrigerated for up to 3 days in either STGG or SGG medium with no significant loss of viability. Viability decreased progressively in storage at 20 to 30 degrees C, with greater losses of viability occurring at the higher temperatures. There were no significant differences in viability between isolates in the two media. STGG preserved pneumococci significantly better (about twofold) than SGG medium at 21 degrees C (P < 0.0001) and 30 degrees C (P < 0.0001). Samples can be stored for 4 and 2.5 days at 6 to 8 degrees C, 28 and 17 h at 21 degrees C, and 15 and 7 h at 30 degrees C in STGG and SGG media, respectively. For field studies undertaken in resource-limited environments, SGG medium can be prepared by using locally available materials. The quantitative data reported in this study will enable researchers to plan appropriate transport and storage protocols.

the dark variety, as they are not visible on the dark tree barks

explanation:

genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).