how do living things alter the biotic and abiotic envierment to cause the process of successtion? 1. lichens and small plants produce soil that allow larger plats to grow 2large trees produce shade and complete for recouses with smaller plants, causing a redusion in their in their population

On a spring day, a middle-latitude city (about 40? north latitude) has a surface (sea-level) temperature of 10 ? c. if vertical soundings reveal a nearly constant environmental lapse rate of 6.5 ? c per kilometer and a temperature at the tropopause of –55 ? c, what is the height of the tropopause?