A 23-year-old man with an intellectual disability entered an institution because of polydipsia. He had habitually and repeatedly drunk considerable volumes and experienced diarrhoea and vomiting. This behaviour was uncontrollable; therefore, his family decided to admit him. The night of the day following his admission, he suddenly fell and was found unconscious. The patient died despite immediate transport to the emergency room by ambulance. Autopsy findings:
The patient's height and weight were 166 cm and 49.4 kg, respectively. The external examination revealed no significant findings except a contusion on the facial region that resulted from his fall. The brain weighed 1383 g, with congestion. The heart weighed 328 g, and sclerosis and stenosis of the coronary arteries were not detected. The lungs weighed 422 g (left) and 509 g (right) with a high degree of swelling; the trachea and bronchi were empty. The greater curvature of the stomach was ruptured because of cardiac massage, and 3100 cc of fluid with food debris was observed in the intraperitoneal space. The bladder was empty, likely because of urethral catheterization, alepath Histological analyses revealed edema of the subarachnoid space. Protrusion and surrounding vacuolization were observed at the cardiac vessels. A portion of the cardiac muscle bundles was expanded. The lungs showed fluid in the bronchi, expansion of the capillary vessels, and deposition of fibrin around the vessels. The kidney showed edema of the tubular epithelium.
Serum Na value was <100mEq/L.

Briefly discuss about this case using the knowledge from chapter of cells and particularly chapter on plasma membrane and movement of molecules. ​

b brown mice / white sand dunes

question#1

ans:

cell is the basic unit of organization of all living things. cells are often called the building block of life and it is the smallest unit of life. the study of cell is called cell biology. cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within membrane, which contain bio-molecules such as proteins and nucleic acid.

two third of cell is water, which means that two-third of your whole body is water. the rest is the mixture of molecules, mainly proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

question#2

ans:

organ:

an organ is a group of tissues specialized to form a functional unit. an example is the heart in animals.

organ system:

an organ system is a group of several organs whose functions are synchronized to release an effective action in a living organism. an example is digestive system.

question#3

different systems perform different function at tissue level. for example, the respiratory system facilitates breathing. in the alveoli tissue of the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the bloodstream occurs by passive transport, so that oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide and water are removed. different systems of the body carry out different functions. for example, your digestive system is responsible for taking in and processing food, while your respiratory system working with your circulatory system is responsible for taking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide.

question#4

different systems perform different function at tissue level. for example, the respiratory system facilitates breathing. in the alveoli tissue of the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the bloodstream occurs by passive transport, so that oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide and water are removed. different systems of the body carry out different functions. for example, your digestive system is responsible for taking in and processing food, while your respiratory system—working with your circulatory system is responsible for taking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide.

question#5

our body works because of the interactions that happen between organs and organ systems.  

for example:  

the heart to regulate blood flow throughout the body. the blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries carbon dioxide and waste away from the cells. body systems work together in maintaining a constant internal environment. when this balance is disrupted, the body systems may not function properly, and human health can suffer.   you start to feel bad.