How can organisms adapt to their environments? What does
"Survival of the Fittest" mean?

The most adapted to its environment

Explanation:

Survival of the fittest means that the organism is the most adapted to its environment. Therefore the organism can survive through different conditions.

the answer is a. now keep my answer here.

the framers of the constitution insisted that federal judges be nominated instead of elected due to their desire to have judges above the shifting whims of the masses.

the hope, whether achieved or not, was that federal judges would only be beholden to the law and that by not having judges be elected, they would be protected if that law dictated an outcome that ran counter to popular opinion.