List the three basic leaf shapes, In what other ways do
leaves vary from plant to plant?

1. Broad and flat leaf, 2. Long and narrow leaf, 3. Needlelike or saclelike. Leafs vary in a variety of sizes, in variety of textures, and in other ways.

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.