7. Gene expression may be regulated: A) only during translation
B) only during transcription
C) during transcription and translation
D) only during replication
E) during replication and transcription

8. During anaphase of meiosis I toward opposing poles of cell are pulled:
A) whole chromosomes
B) sister chromatids
C) bivalents
D) fragments of sister chromatids
E) tetrads

9. One of a series of different versions of gene is called:
A) genome
B) haploid
C) diploid
D) allele
E) allosome

10. Which of the following genotypes would produce the smallest number of different gametes if the alleles are assorted independently?
A) aa BB Dd
B) AA BB DD
C) Aa Bb DD
D) Aa BB DD
E) Aa Bb Dd

11. Which of the following processes can decrease the genetic variation in natural populations?
A) recombination
B) immigration
C) mutagenesis
D) inbreeding
E) hybridization

12. Which of the following structures present in the embryos of higher plants develops into primary leaves of seedlings?
A) epicotyl
B) endosperm
C) radicle
D) hypocotyl
E) cotyledon

13. Which of the following organisms would be classified as primary consumer?
A) lion
B) Escherichia coli
C) barley
D) cow
E) Candida albicans

14. Which of the following characterizes monocotyledonous plants?
A) Their embryos have one cotyledon.
B) In their stems vascular bundles are usually arranged in ring.
C) Their flowers parts are usually in multiples of four or five.
D) They have usually taproot.
E) Their leaves usually have netlike veins.

15. Which of the following types of plants tissue transport water and minerals?
A) phloem
B) xylem
C) meristem
D) vascular cambium
E) epidermis

16. Which of the following require a host cell because they are not able to make proteins on their own?
A) Paramecium caudatum
B) Escherichia coli
C) Influenza virus
D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae E) Euglena viridis

17. Which of the organisms is not correctly labeled?
A) Bacteria – Staphylococcus aureus
B) Plantae – Pine
C) Fungi – Spider
D) Animalia – Lion
E) Viruses – HIV

18. Eutrophication is the process of:
A) vegetation succession in lakes
B) nutrient depletion of lakes
C) increase inflow of minerals in lakes
D) primary succession in lakes
E) biological renewal of aquatic ecosystems

19. Which of the following is a prezygotic isolating mechanism to prevent reproduction between species?
A) geographic isolation
B) zygotic mortality
C) isolation by hybrid sterility
D) isolation by hybrid breakdown
E) isolation by hybrid inviability.

20. Which of the following plant tissue is characteristic only for the leaves, but not for the roots?
A) xylem
B) phloem
C) epidermis
D) cambium
E) mesophyll

21. Rhizobium forms an endosymbiotic nitrogen fixing association with roots of:
A) pine
B) rice
C) rose
D) bean
E) coconut palm

22. Which of the following is found in an unusual high proportion in cells of cardiac muscle?
A) lysosomes
B) mitochondria
C) mRNA
D) Golgi apparatus
E) cell nucleus

23. Which of the following organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid?
A) clams
B) sardines
C) sharks
D) kelp
E) mollusca

Meiosis
female gamete
Meiosis
male gamete
X
zygote
embryo

25. Echinococcosis disease is caused by:
A) Echinococcus
B) Diphyllobotrium
C) Trichinella
D) Enterobius
E) Fasciola

26. Which of the following organisms conduct ethanol fermentation?
A) yeasts
B) bears
C) spiders
D) barley
E) mushrooms

27. Steroids are not:
A) sex hormones
B) cholesterol
C) corticosteroids
D) bile acids
E) vitamin C

28. Which of the following is the right order of the four stages of food processing?
A) digestion, ingestion, absorption, elimination
B) ingestion, digestion, elimination, absorption
C) ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
D) digestion, ingestion, absorption, elimination
E) absorption, elimination, digestion, ingestion

29. Which of the following statements is true?
I. The pH of urine is close to neutral (7).
II. Urine is a liquid product of the body that is secreted by urinary system. III. Lack of vasopressin in the blood increases diuresis.
A) I
B) II
C) I, II, III
D) III
E) I, III

30. Which hormone is produced by the placenta?
A) progesterone
B) insulin
C) thyroxin
D) melatonin
E) glucagon

31. Which of the following is not characteristic for mammals?
A) mammary glands
B) hair
C) cold-blooded
D) three middle ears bones
E) sweat glands

32. All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an):
A) biotope
B) community
C) ecosystem
D) biosphere
E) population