Which of the following are mechanisms utilized by cells to resist the effects of an antimicrobial agent? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Group of answer choices

They may abandon metabolic pathways, and instead begin acquiring the metabolite from their environment.

They may alter the target of the drug to prevent the antimicrobial from binding to the target.

They may utilize membrane-localized efflux pumps that act to remove the antimicrobial from the cell.

The may change the structure or charge of pore proteins thereby preventing entry of the antimicrobial agent

They may secrete enzymes that destroy the chemical structure of the antibiotic.

poor water quality affects most estuarine organisms, including commercially important fish and shellfish. the pollutants that have the greatest impact on the health of estuaries include toxic substances like chemicals and heavy metals, nutrient pollution (or eutrophication), and pathogens such as bacteria or viruses.

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."