Plants use the proton electrochemical gradient across the vacuole membrane to power the accumulation of salts and sugars in the organelle. This accumulation creates hypertonic conditions in the vacuole. Why does this not result in the plant cell swelling and bursting?

Due to movement of water to the outside environment.

Explanation:

This hypertonic solution is not result in the plant cell swelling and bursting because hypertonic causes shrinkage of cell instead of swelling. Swelling of cell occurs when the cell experiences hypotonic solution due to presence of less amount of solutes inside the cell. In hypertonic solution, there is less amount of water in the solution as compared to the cell so the water in the cell moves towards outside of the cell causes shrinkage of the cell.

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!

the answer is cell division : )