Bats and humans are both mammals and share a common ancestor. Because of this, a human arm and a bat wing have similar bone structure. In contrast, bird wings and bat wings have different structures. Explain these relationships in terms of homologous and analogous structures. 2. The Channel Islands are a series of small islands off the California coast. Each island has a genetically distinct population of foxes. Compare the population of foxes on one of these islands to the population of foxes in the forests of mainland California. Which is more likely to be impacted by genetic drift? Which is more likely to be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? 3. Living organisms are commonly divided into six kingdoms: archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists, plants, and animals. What’s the biggest problem with classifying organisms in this way? 4. a. How do radioactive elements help scientists establish how old rocks and fossils are? b. How do index fossils help scientists establish how old rocks and other fossils are? In your answer, include fossils in the same layer of rock, in a lower layer of rock, and in a higher layer of rock compared to an index fossil. 5. Compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic life cycles of viruses. How does the virus reproduce in each of these life cycles? What happens to the host cell in each of these life cycles? 6. Seeds are one way that plants reproduce. a. What are the reproductive advantages of using seeds to reproduce? b. What are the two major divisions of seed plants, and how do plants in each of these divisions reproduce? 7. How is water transported into and through a plant? In your answer, describe the processes that move water into three different structures of a plant. 8. Describe two ways that plants respond to their environment, giving an example of each. Your answer can include ways that plants respond to seasonal changes, light, gravity, or touch.