What does a mass extinction look like in the fossil record?

Whats one way that rocks do not follow the typical rock cycle pathway?

Which best describes this behavior? it is beneficial only to the males that do not fertilize eggs. it is beneficial only to the female workers that are not fertilized. it is beneficial to each one of the individual colony members. it is beneficial to the whole species, but not to all of the individual members.

How do all types of diffusion/passive transport actually ‘work’ without using even the smallest amount of cellular energy?