James needed to have his hernia surgically repaired. This can be done through laparoscopic surgery. The surgeon must cut through to the herniated area and put a Teflon mesh underneath the hernia to close it off and provide more support to the area. Use your knowledge of anatomy to select the correct sequence of structures that would be cut for this procedure. Make sure you select the structures in the order they would be cut by the surgeon.

The structures that the surgeon will cut to place the Teflon mesh from external to internal are:

Skin,

hypodermis,

subcutaneous fat,

the external oblique aponeurosis,

the internal oblique,

the transverse abdominal,

the peritoneum.

Explanation:

For the surgeon to put the Teflon mesh underneath the hernia, the professional has to cut the most external organ, which is the skin, with all its layers, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Underneath this tissue is the subcutaneous fat, which protects the muscles, regulates the temperature, and stores energy. Subcutaneous fat is different in every person. Some can have a lot of it and others a thin layer. The next cut will be on aponeurosis, which is a tissue that surrounds muscles. Then we have the internal abdominal oblique, which is in the anterior area of the abdomen. Below it, it is the transverse abdominal, and then the peritoneum, which is the tissue that holds the organs. In a hernia, it has a hole where the organs push through. So, the surgeon has to put a Teflon mesh to close it.

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