The right side of the diagram represents the change in a hypothetical population of Colorado potato beetles over several generations under
agricultural practices that include the use of a pest-management
refuge.
Drag the following terms into the paragraph below to describe the
scenario.
dominant
resistance gene
recessive
adaptation
wildtype gene
advantage
disadvantage
evolution
In genetic terms, this kind of change in frequency of alleles in a
population over time is known as
On areas of this
farm where pesticides are applied, presence of the
puts wildtype beetles at a competitive
Yet wildtype
beetles breed normally in the refuge area. Because the refuge area
directly adjoins the treated field, there will continue to be cross-
breeding between wild and resistant beetles in the next generation. For
this cross-breeding to be an advantage to the farmer, the resistance
gene must be
and the wildtype gene must be

In genetic terms, this kind of change in frequency of alleles in a  population over time is known as  EVOLUTION. On areas of this  farm where pesticides are applied, the presence of the  RESISTANCE GENE puts wildtype beetles at a competitive DISADVANTAGE.  Yet wildtype  beetles breed normally in the refuge area. Because the refuge area  directly adjoins the treated field, there will continue to be cross- breeding between wild and resistant beetles in the next generation. For  this cross-breeding to be an advantage to the farmer, the resistance  gene must be RECESSIVE.  and the wildtype gene must be DOMINANT.

Explanation:

Let us analyze each sentence separately.

In genetic terms, this kind of change in frequency of alleles in a population over time is known as EVOLUTION.

Adaptive evolution refers to changes in the organism that lead to the evolution of the species and are adaptive to determine conditions of the environment. Natural selection produces adaptive evolution.

The term resistance refers to an inheritable change in the population sensitivity, reflected through the consecutive failure of the chemical effects, correctly used to reach an effect on the insect population.

In the exposed example, insecticides might produce a genetic modification in the insects, leading them to survive under the effects of the chemical. Insects evolve with the capability of tolerating the poison dose that is usually used to destroy a normal population of plagues.

On areas of this farm where pesticides are applied, the presence of the RESISTANCE GENE puts wild-type beetles at a competitive DISADVANTAGE.

Chemicals act as a selective pressure on areas where pesticides are applied. Some of the insects mutate and develop a resistance gene, becoming capable of surviving the pesticide. Natural selection benefits these mutations. So insects carrying the mutated gene are resistant, while the insects with the wild-type genotype are not. So in the parcel treated with pesticide, wild-type individuals can not survive. They are at a disadvantage concerning the mutated type.

For this cross-breeding to be an advantage to the farmer, the resistance gene must be RECESSIVE. and the wildtype gene must be DOMINANT.

The farmer needs to keep the number of potato beetles low, to protect the crop from the attack of the insects. To keep under control the number of insects, they have to be vulnerable to the chemical. And to be vulnerable to the chemical, insects should carry the wild-type genotype. So to increase the number of susceptible individuals carrying the wild-type gene, it must be dominant over the mutated form, which should be recessive.  

d. making up measurements to record.

geologic time scale (for gradpoint) =)