Explain how sampling methods are used in ecological studies

There are three general types of sampling methods used to select individuals from a population situated in space: quadrats, transect lines and plotless techniques. 1) A quadrat is a frame (usually a square or a circle) of known area used to isolate a subset of the population. This subset will comprise one sample.

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'