How did the insertion of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence result in a phenotypic change in an organism

if the nucleotide insertion occurs within the coding region of a gene (frameshift mutation), then it will change the open reading frame (ORF) of the resulting protein and thus also will alter the phenotype of the individual  

Explanation:

A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of the genome of a cell/organism. A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide is inserted, deleted or changed from the original DNA sequence. The insertion of a single nucleotide in the coding region of a gene is called frameshift mutation since this nucleotide base shifts the way the DNA sequence is read. A frameshift mutation changes the meaning of the codons that follow the inserted nucleotide base and thereby protein function is generally lost, thereby also affecting the resulting phenotype associated with this protein.

the answer to you question is   jet streams

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.