The assumption that everything has a cause is known as a. determinism
b. empiricism
c. rationalism
d. none of the above

Which type of research design has the goal of describing variables, rather than examining relationships among them?
a. correlational research
b. explanatory research
c. descriptive research
d. quasi-experimental research

Acquiring knowledge through direct observation of varied conditions is one of the criteria for science known as
a. solvable problems
b. parsimony
c. systematic empirical analysis
d. rationalism

Which of the following statements is true regarding pseudoscience?
a. pseudoscience is information that claims to be scientifically supported
b. pseudoscience violates one or more of the criteria for science
c. homeopathy and acupuncture are both pseudoscience
d. all of the above are true statements

Why is control is necessary in a research design?
a. its helps rule out alternative explanations
b. it makes the study more like real life
c. it allows us to make statements of proof
d. all of above

When a hypothesis is supported by the study data this is called a
a. fact
b. logical fallacy
c. proof
d. theory

Psychology is an outgrowth of which other scientific discipline?
a. biology
b. chemistry
c. sociology
d. physiology

The scientific method makes 2 basic assumptions about reality. Because of this
a. we can never establish cause and effect explanations for variables
b. we can never establish proof with scientific research
c. we can never learn anything useful with scientific research
d. we cannot assume that reality exists

Which of the following is not one of the sources of human knowledge?
a. intuition
b. informed consent
c. rationalism
d. superstition

Archival designs are in which category of research designs?
a. explanatory
b. predictive
c. descriptive
d. none of the above

A statement predicting the relationship among 2 or more variables is
a. the experimental question
b. a hypothesis
c. an observation
d. an educated guess

The scientific approach is generally a kind of
a. research design
b. belief system
c. statistical analysis
d. critical thinking

Which of the following is a solvable problem?
a. blocked chi is the reason for having low energy
b. an angry outburst is the result of a frustrated Id
c. depression can be relieved by aerobic exercise
d. dowsing rods can find water if you believe in them

Case studies are in which category of research designs?
a. explanatory
b. predictive
c. descriptive
d. none of the above

John B. Watson was the founder of which perspective in psychology?
a. physiological psychology
b. behaviorism
c. experimental psychology
d. humanistic psychology

Why are all explanations considered tentative in science?
a. because scientists are never wrong
b. because proof is a logical impossibility
c. because scientists can't make decisions
d. because scientific theories are useless

Openly sharing information about the research with scientific peers and the general public is the scientific criterion known as
a. systematic empirical analysis
b. parsimony
c. public verification
d. rational explanations

Perceptual errors that arise from your own personal memory and life experiences are
a. idols of the theater
b. idols of the tribe
c. idols of the marketplace
d. idols of the cave

Which of the following perspectives in psychology did not use the scientific method to gain new knowledge in the field?
a. psychoanalysis
b. psychobiology
c. developmental psychology
d. experimental psychology

One of the first books ever written on the scientific method was
a. origin of species
b. novum organum
c. plutarch's lives
d. the interpretation of dreams