Now, go back to figure 1 (basically the grandparents) and compare: 11. What is the approximate number of birds now in 1978 compared to 1976? _
12. What is the common beak depth now in 1978 compared to 1976? _
Now, go back to Figure 2 (their parents) and compare:
13. What is the approximate number of birds now in 1978 compared to 1977 (Dark Bars in figure 2)? _
14. What is the common beak depth now in 1978 compared to 1977 (dark bars in figure 2)? _

15. What is the range of beak depths now in 1978 compared to 1977? _

16. Explain the observed change in beak characteristics because of natural selection: *USE VIDA

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure

its probably to later but whats the question