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https://www. ck12.org/book/cbse_biology_book_cla ss_xii/section/5.9/
⬆️This is the link to where you need to find the answers in the passage.

1. Flower color in carnations demonstrates what type of inheritance?

2. What is the genotype of a pink carnation?

3. What are the alleles for blood type in humans?

4. How is skin color in humans determined?

5. Define pleiotropy.

6. Distinguish codominance and incomplete dominance.

7. What is meant by multiple alleles?

8. Give an example of a trait controlled by multiple alleles.

9. List the genotypes and corresponding phenotypes for blood type.

10. What are the offspring phenotypic ratios when crossing AB and Bi type parents?

Ratios:
Show your work here:

11. A classmate tells you that a person can have type AO blood.

Do you agree?
Explain.

12. Mendelian inheritance does not apply to the inheritance of alleles that result in incomplete dominance and codominance. Explain why this is so.

13. What is epigenetics? Describe the relationship between environment and phenotype.

14. Mendel investigated stem length, or height, in pea plants. What if he had investigated human height instead? Why would his results have been harder to interpret?

Answers:

1. Incomplete dominance

ex- Red (RR) x White (rr)= All pink Rr flowers

When pink(Rr) carnations are crossed the parental traits of red & white reappear in F2 generation

2. Rr= pink carnations

3. alleles for human blood type; A, B, and O

4. Skin colour is primarily determined by genetic inheritance but exposure to sunlight also alters skin colour. Melanin is produced by skin cells when they are exposed to the sun. The more sun exposure, the more melanin is produced.

5. Pleiotrophy- the production by a single gene of two or more apparently unrelated effects

6.  In incomplete dominance, a heterozygous individual blends the two traits. In codominance, a heterozygous individual expresses both traits simultaneously without blending.

7. Multi alleles- when three or more alleles control a trait

8.  Human blood type, hair color, eye color, etc.

9.  Possible genotypes- AA or AO; Phenotype- A

Possible genotypes- AB; Phenotype- AB

Possible genotypes- BB or BO; Phenotype- B

Possible genotypes- OO; Phenotype- O

10. AB- possibility of Ai or AB

B- possibility of BB or B

1 AB:1 A: 2 B

11. If a classmate tells that a person can have type AO blood, they would be wrong. There are only four blood groups A, B, AB and O and they can be either negative or positive based on the absence or presence of the Rhesus antigen. A person with blood group A can have the allele (alternative forms of genes) A with the genotype AA or AO. Hence AO is not a blood group and it can be one of the genotype of blood group A.

12.  phenotypes that Mendel considered was constrained by one quality that had two potential alleles, dominant and recessive allele. This made it conceivable to see only either aggregate (complete of 2 phenotypes).  

A trademark might be controlled by one quality with two alleles, however the two alleles might not have a conventional relationship of dominant and recessive, which is the reason we see the examples like codominance and incomplete dominance.

13. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in genome function that occur without alterations to the DNA sequence. Environmental conditions can affect gene expression and influence genetically determined traits. Therefore the phenotype is affected by its genes as well as its environment.

14. The phenomena of polygenic inheritance would have become a grievous fault to his investigation, if he had investigated human height instead of stem length of pea plants.

Explanation:

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