Molecular biologists are studying the processes of transcription and translation and have found that they are very similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as summarized in Table 1 Table 1. Comparison of Selected Features of Transcription and Translation
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Present
Synthesized
Cytoplasm
Present
Synthesized
Nucleus
Feature of Protein Synthesis
Transcription
RNA polymerase
mRNA
Location
Translation
Large Ribosomal Subunit
Small Ribosomal Subunit
tRNA
Location
50S
30S
Present
Cytoplasm
60S
40S
Present
Cytoplasm
Based on the information in Table 1, which of the following best predicts a key difference in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with regard to transcription and translation?
The two processes will occur simultaneously in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes.
Prokaryotic mRNA is shorter than eukaryotic mRNA.
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Eukaryotic mRNA contains more coding regions than prokaryotic DNA
The processing of mRNA by eukaryotes is required for the mRNA to leave the nucleus.

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C. a mature ovule of a plant.

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, controlling virtually every reaction within as well as providing structure and serving as signals to other cells. proteins are long chains of  amino acids  , and the exact sequence of the amino acids determines the final structure and function of the protein. instructions for that sequence are encoded in  genes  . to make a particular protein, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) copy is made from the gene (in the process called  transcription  ), and the mrna is transported to the  ribosome  . protein synthesis, also called  translation  , begins when the two ribosomal subunits link onto the mrna. this step, called initiation, is followed by elongation, in which successive amino acids are added to the growing chain, brought in by transfer rnas (trnas). in this step, the ribosome reads the  nucleotides  of mrna three by three, in units called  codons  , and matches each to three nucleotides on the trna, called the anticodon. finally, during termination, the ribosome unbinds from the mrna, and the  amino acid  chain goes on to be processed and folded to make the final, functional protein

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