Two organisms, each with the genotypes ttgg, mate. the chance of producing an offspring that has the dominant phenotype for height (t) and the recessive phenotype for c

I think the end of the question is "g" not "c". To get the offspring wanted, there are two types of genotype, one is TTgg, the other one is Ttgg. The chance of getting TT or Tt is 1-(1/2)*(1/2)=3/4. The chance of getting gg is (1/2)*(1/2)=1/4. So the total chance is (3/4)*(1/4)=3/16.

Well, both latitude and intensity of light affect temperature because, the higher the light intensity, the higher the temperature and since latitude is the measure of how close you are to the equator, then the closer to the equator you are, the higher the temperature is.