What includes all layers from the core to the crust?

The layers from the core to crust composed of the following: the crust, the mantle, outer core and inner core. Each layer composes of substances such as liquid, iron, plastic, magnesium, selenium and aluminum. The earth’s layer is composed of four layers which are mentioned earlier in this paragraph. These layers protect life from the earth’s very hot core found in the center of the planet.

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.