Arespiratory disease characterized by overexpansion and destruction of the alveoli is identified as:

The disease condition is known as EMPHYSEMA. 
Emphysema is a long term, progressive disease of the lungs which causes shortness of breath as a result of over inflation  of the alveoli. The condition is usually caused by cigarette smoking.

The answer is atmosphere. there are four spheres of the earth: 1. geosphere (from greek word 'geo' = ground), 2. hydrosphere (from greek word 'hydro' = water), 3. biosphere (from greek word 'bio' = life), and 4. atmosphere (from greek word 'atmo' = air). a magnetosphere is a region of space around astronomical objects controlled by the magnetic field of that object. through the process of elimination, since lightning is present in the air, it can be found in the atmosphere.