Which of the following are geochemical cycles important for recycling and balancing earth materials?

The answer is hydro-logic and rock cycle. Geo-chemical cycles which cycle water and rock  is interconnected to each other. The rock cycle refers to the transition of rock from igneous rock to metamorphic rock to sedimentary rock and return around again. The water cycle of hydro-logical cycle refers how water circulates throughout our planet in the lithosphere on the surface and in the atmosphere. The rock cycle, water cycle and plate tectonics all interact to each other to shape our planet and its geologic features. The main drivers of these processes are the interaction of the sun with the surface of the earth and plate tectonics which includes radiation from our sun called insolation, differentially affects water and land. This driver undergo many processes including the formation of currents both in water and air. These currents are mainly accountable for conveying residue to places where hose residues gather. 

option a is correct i.e.

only sodium ions can pass through the membrane.

explanation:

in context to the membrane of nerve impulse, the outer membrane of neuron is semi permeable that is only sodium ions can pass through the membrane i.e. smaller ions can pass through the membrane while larger ions cannot pass through it.