Suppose you have monohybrid snapdragons in your garden and you find that they produce red seeds to white seeds in the ratio of 3: 1. if the alleles are designated r (red seeds) and r (white seeds), what are the probable phenotypes of the parents (p1)?
half red and half white
all white
all red
unable to determine

The parents (P1) will be all red. The monohybrid snapdragons producing red and white seeds in the ratio of 3:1 with the red (R) phenotype being dominant and white(r) being recessive, might possibly have the  parents with the following genotypes:

Rr (Red)                  Rr (Red)

The gametes produced by these parents will be R and R. The cross of these parents (P1) will result in the following generation that will be in the ratio of 3:1 (red:white) :

correct answer is option a.

tropopause, stratopause and mesopause have all in common aspect that is point of maximum temperature in its layer of the atmosphere. all layers of atmosphere observe abrupt change in temperature. tropopause is the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere. stratopause is the boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere. mesopause is the boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere. these all boundaries are ranges between altitude of 0 to 80 km.