Three-carbon molecules of pga are converted to energy-rich g3p sugar molecules by

a) o2 and h20

b) co2 and h20

c) atp and nadph

d) adp and nadp+

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus. this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells.

explanation:

the truman doctrine was an american foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter soviet geopolitical expansion during the cold war. it was announced to congress by president harry s. truman on march 12, 1947, and further developed on july 12, 1948, when he pledged to contain threats to greece and turkey.