During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight is used to split water molecules. what happens to the hydrogen ions that are split from the water molecules?
a. they flow out of the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to adp.
b. they build up in the thylakoid, providing energy to break apart atp molecules.
c. they build up in the thylakoid, where they bond to each other to create atp.
d. they flow out of the thylakoid, where they stimulate enzymes to break apart atp.

A. They flow out of the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to ADP.

There are two phases of photosynthesis, light dependent, and light independent phase. During the light-dependent phase, Hydrogen ions are pumped in the thylakoid space ( thylakoid lumen).

The high concentration of hydrogen ions is required for the generation of ATP with the help of enzyme ATP synthase, the process is called as chemiosmosis.

i would say the prokaryotic cells the prokaryotic cells are less complex, are usually found only in unicellular organisms and have more limited capabilities than eukaryotic cells.