Which kind of electrical charge is found on the oxygen atom of a polar water molecule

sexual reproduction produces offspring with novel combinations of genes. species that reproduce sexually must maintain two different types of individuals, males and females, which can limit the ability to colonize new habitats as both sexes must be present.

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.