What is the untimate source of energy for the biosphere and what has to happen in order for living things to use it?

The tubes transporting minerals and water upward are called ?

When the cell concentrates potassium within, against the natural tendency of matter, it is performing a.passive diffusion b.facilitated diffusion c.active transport d.pinocytosis

Why does the earth spin slowly, not faster? is it possible to prove it scientifically? can you prove it with math?