13. what is an entomologist?

14. how do scientists test theories?

15. write down one of kettlewell's predictions.

16. dark moths were found in what parts of the country?

17. how did kettlewell directly study the moths?

18. why did dark moths have a survival advantage?

19. when kettlewell recaptured the marked moths, what did he find?

20. where did kettlewell publish his findings?

13. An entomologist is a person who studies in the branch of zoology having to do with insects.

14. They first make hypothesis, then they test their predictions, leading them to make conclusions.

15. Clean forests would most likely contain white moths.

16. They were found in industrial areas that made pollution.

17. He placed both colored moths on tree trunks and recorded the times it took for the bird to find the moths

18. They blended in with the tree trunks unlike the light colored moths didn't.

19. There were more light colored moths in clean forests and dark colored moths in dark forests.

20. Scientific American

Mantle convection  is the slow  creepingmotion of earth's solid silicate  mantle  caused by  convection  currents carrying  heat from the interior  to the planet's surface.[1][2]  the earth's surface  lithosphere, which rides atop the  asthenosphere  (the two components of the  upper mantle), is divided into a number of  plates  that are continuously being created and consumed at their opposite  plate boundaries. accretion occurs as mantle is added to the growing edges of a plate, associated with  seafloor spreading. this hot added material cools down by  conduction  and  convection  of heat. at the consumption edges of the plate, the material has thermally contracted to become dense, and it sinks under its own weight in the process of  subduction  usually at an  ocean trench.[3]this subducted material sinks through the earth's interior. some subducted material appears to reach the lower mantle,[4]  while in other regions, this material is impeded from sinking further, possibly due to a phase transition from  spinel  to  silicate perovskiteand  magnesiowustite, an  endothermic reaction.[5]the subducted oceanic crust triggers  volcanism, although the basic mechanisms are varied. volcanism may occur due to processes that add buoyancy to partially melted mantle causing an upward flow due to a decrease in density of the partial melt.secondary forms of convection that may result in surface volcanism are postulated to occur as a consequence of intraplate extension[6]  and  mantle plumes.[7]it is because the mantle can convect that the  tectonic plates  are able to move around the earth's surface.[8]mantle convection seems to have been much more active during the  hadean  period, resulting in gravitational sorting of heavier molten  iron, and  nickel  elements and  sulphides  in the core, and lighter  silicate minerals  in the  mantle.