Darwin studied specific species of animals on the galapagos islands and other places, and observed
similar species in different areas with unique traits all birds have the same size beaks giant turtles live longer than other species because of their large hearts fossils hold the key to the past

Whenever diploid populations are in hardy-weinberg equilibrium at a particular locus a) the allele's frequency should not change from one generation to the next, but its representation in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes may change. b) natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift are acting equally to change an allele's frequency. c) this means that, at this locus, two alleles are present in equal proportions. d) the population itself is not evolving, but individuals within the population may be evolving.