Bryophytes are known as non-vascular plants. what makes them non-vascular? absence of xylem and phloem inactive xylem and phloem active xylem but inactive phloem

the principles and empirical processes of discovery and demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to test the hypothesis, and development of a conclusion that confirms, rejects, or modifies the hypothesis.