Transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA)
Explanation:
Translation is the second process of gene expression. It is where the synthesis of protein occurs using the information in the nucleotide sequence of mRNA. Translation of mRNA cannot occur without ribosome and tRNA.
Translation occurs inside a complex containing ribosomal RNA and other enzymes, called Ribosome. The Ribosome organize translation and catalyze the reaction that joins amino acids to make proteins.
A transfer RNA (tRNA) is a special type of RNA molecule. It matches an mRNA with the amino acids it codes for.
N.B: The mRNA formed during transcription is in a group of three nucleotides called CODON.
A molecular bridge or link is formed between mRNA and tRNA. Each tRNA molecule contains a set of three nucleotides called ANTICODON. The anticodon of a given tRNA can bind to one or a few specific mRNA codons and read it. The tRNA reads the mRNA codon by using its own ANTICODON. The reading is done by matching the base pairs through hydrogen bonding following the base pairing rule. This allows the tRNA to carry an amino acid to the ribosome, specifically, the one encoded by the codons that the tRNA binds, in order to add to the protein chain being formed. Each codon is read by various tRNA's until the appropriate match of the anticodon and the codon occurs, after which they bind.
For example, the tRNA anticodon (AAG) reads the codon (UUC). The UUC codon codes for Phenylalanine, hence, the tRNA binds the amino acid, Phenylalanine, via its amino acid attachment site and carries it to the growing pepetide chain.
Note that, the tRNA is folded into an L-shape in which one of the L shape has the anticodon and the other has the attachment site for amino acid.
