Polymerization reactions in which polysaccharides are synthesized from monosaccharides or proteins are synthesized from amino acids:
a. result in the formation of water.
b. are hydrolysis reactions.
c. release energy.
d. result in the formation of covalent bonds between monomers called peptide bonds.
e. all of the above.

The empty trna moves off and picks up another matching amino acid from the cytoplasm in the cell. the anticodon of the trna, with its attached amino acid, pairs to the codon of the mrna, which is attached to a ribosome. this sequence is repeated until the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mrna, which signals the end of protein synthesis. the ribosome forms a peptide bond between the amino acids, and an amino acid chain begins to form. when a second trna with its specific amino acid pairs to the next codon in sequence, the attached amino acid breaks from the first trna and is bonded to the amino acid of the second trna.