How did farmers observed by charles darwin take advantage of natural variation to improve there livestocks ?

Darwin observed farmers performed selective breeding ( also termed as artificial selection) that includes selection of good breeds of animals ( having desirable traits) which were first selected through natural selection.

Farmers  allowed them to interbreed so that desirable traits accumulated in the hybrid organisms. This increased the overall yield or productivity of animals ( such as good milk yield from cows).

The farmers kept the animals with desirable traits and sold those that lacked the traits. This eventually led to the improvement of their own stock.    

hi, natural selection of the peppered moth during the industrial revolution in 19th-century england is an example of an outlier in the study of evolution. during this time, pollution from factories filled the forests, coating trees in a layer of soot—turning white trees black

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