How does the geologic time scale further our understanding about the biodiversity on our planet

Geologists at the American Museum of Natural History study rock layers and the plant and animal fossils found in them. They use radiometric dating to help establish the age of rocks. In doing so, they also establish the age of the fossils found in rocks. From the evidence they gather, geologists can piece together the physical history of the Earth.

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg 

the most common type of reef is the fringing reef. this type of reef grows seaward directly from the shore. they form borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands.